Adverse neonatal and pediatric effects occur with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is based on findings in the following 3 areas: (1) characteristic facial anomalies, (2) growth retardation (intrauterine growth restriction and failure to have catch-up growth), and (3) CNS involvement (cognitive impairment, learning disabilities, or behavioral abnormalities). [...]
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a persistence of the fetal connection (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and pulmonary artery after birth, resulting in a left-to-right shunt. Symptoms may include failure to thrive, poor feeding, tachycardia, and tachypnea. A continuous machine-like murmur in the upper left sternal border is common. Diagnosis is by echocardiography. Administration of [...]
A 1 month old male child presented with the history of abdominal distension associated with vomiting and recurrent chest infection and passing clay colored stool several episode per day since 15 days of life.On lab examination total bilirubin was 9.4gm/dl, direct bilirubin 3.2gm/dl and other liver function test revealed normal range. On view of biliary atresia USG was done [...]
